The art and science of developing, deploying, and operating software are constantly in flux. Twenty plus years ago, software was much more straightforward than what we have today. Most web applications were built on simple clusters of HTTP servers and looking for problems was only a log file away for developers. From monolith, server processes to highly distributed and deep systems, we are now facing one of the toughest challenges in computing: monitoring end-to-end infrastructure with confidence. One potential solution is distributed tracing and application performance monitoring (APM). These …